Spring is a mechanical component that uses elastic deformation to store and release energy. It undergoes elastic deformation under external force and returns to its original state after the external force is removed. It is widely used in various industries such as automobiles, home appliances, electronics, machinery, aerospace, etc., and performs core functions such as buffering, shock absorption, resetting, force measurement, and energy storage. Among them, compression springs, tension springs, and torsion springs are the three mainstream categories, while special-shaped springs and shock-absorbing springs focus on special scenario adaptation. Although the five types of springs have significant differences in structure and purpose, they share the core characteristics and basic design logic of elastic materials.
The common characteristics of the five types of springs are concentrated in material and elasticity principles: the core materials are mostly spring steel (carbon steel, alloy steel), stainless steel, copper alloy, etc., which need to have good elastic limits, toughness, and fatigue resistance to avoid permanent deformation after long-term stress; All follow Hooke’s law, within the elastic limit, deformation is proportional to force, and there is no residual deformation after deformation recovery; We can customize dimensions, stiffness, and load-bearing capacity according to the requirements of different working conditions, and adapt to the usage requirements of different loads, temperatures, and environments.
The core of differentiation lies in the force distribution and functional positioning: compression springs bear axial pressure, tension springs bear axial tension, torsion springs bear torque, special-shaped springs adapt to special installation spaces and force scenarios, and shock-absorbing springs focus on buffering impact and attenuating vibration. Mastering the commonalities and differences of the five types of springs is the foundation for precise selection and rational application, as well as the key to understanding the core value of spring products.